Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition where the airways become inflamed and narrowed, leading to episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. It can affect people of all ages and is often triggered by allergens, irritants, exercise, or infections. Early diagnosis and proper management are essential to control symptoms and prevent complications. With appropriate treatment, individuals with asthma can lead a normal, active life.

Causes & Triggers

• Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander
• Environmental irritants like smoke, pollution, and strong odors
• Respiratory infections such as colds and flu
• Exercise or physical activity
• Cold air, weather changes, or stress

Symptoms

• Wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing)
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Chest tightness or pain
• Persistent or nighttime coughing
• Difficulty performing physical activities

Diagnosis

• Detailed medical history and symptom evaluation
• Pulmonary function tests (spirometry, peak flow)
• Allergy testing to identify triggers
• Exclusion of other respiratory conditions
• Monitoring symptom patterns over time

Treatment & Management

• Rescue medications: Short-acting bronchodilators for immediate relief
• Controller medications: Inhaled corticosteroids for long-term control
• Advanced therapies: Biologics or leukotriene modifiers for severe asthma
• Lifestyle measures: Avoiding triggers and maintaining a healthy environment
• Regular follow-up: Monitoring symptoms and adjusting treatment as needed