Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated pauses in breathing or shallow breaths during sleep. These interruptions can disrupt sleep quality, lower oxygen levels in the blood, and increase the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and daytime fatigue. Sleep apnea is commonly classified into obstructive, caused by airway blockage, and central, caused by the brain failing to send proper signals to the muscles controlling breathing. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to improve sleep quality, overall health, and daily functioning.

• Loud snoring, often interrupted by pauses in breathing
• Excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue
• Morning headaches and difficulty concentrating
• Risk factors include obesity, large neck circumference, and certain medical conditions
• Treatments include CPAP therapy, lifestyle changes, oral appliances, and sometimes surgery