Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is a group of disorders that cause progressive scarring of the lung tissue, making the lungs stiff and less able to function properly. This leads to difficulty in breathing, reduced oxygen exchange, and fatigue. ILD can result from autoimmune conditions, environmental exposures, medications, infections, or sometimes have no identifiable cause (idiopathic). Early diagnosis and management are essential to slow progression and improve quality of life.

Causes & Risk Factors

• Autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma
• Long-term exposure to dust, asbestos, or silica
• Certain medications, including chemotherapy or antibiotics
• Chronic lung infections
• Idiopathic (unknown) causes

Symptoms & Diagnosis

• Gradual shortness of breath, especially on exertion
• Persistent dry cough
• Fatigue and weakness
• High-resolution CT scan (HRCT) to detect lung scarring
• Pulmonary function tests to measure lung capacity and airflow